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Saturday

The Partitive Article

(how to say "some" in Italian)

Sometimes, you'll want to refer to a thing without being specific about the quantity. This could be because the noun isn't easily countable (like water) or because it's plural but the amount is irrelevant.

In both instances, in English, you use the word "some":

some water (uncountable, singular)

some books (countable, plural)

In Italian, you use the Partitive Article. Don't be fooled by the complicated sounding name— it's easy!

It follows the same logic and patterns as the Definite Article…. So print pages 14 & 15 of the BASICS Digital Workbook and let's get started!

(New to this series?… You may want to start with…)

ITALIAN BASICS:
(1) Indefinite Articles, (How to say "A/AN")
(2) Definite Articles (singular), (How to say "THE")
(3) Pluralization, (How to make singular nouns plural)
(4) Definite Articles (plural), ("THE" for more than one thing)

A little word mash-up...

The partitive article is what happens when you take the preposition "di" and combine it with the Definite Articles:

di + il, lo, l' , la = del, dello, dell' della, Partitive Articles on Via Optimae, https://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/08/the-partitive-article.html

As you can see, the "i" of "di" goes to "e", the two words get squished together, and if the original article starts with "l" that "l" gets doubled. The same is true for the plural forms:

di + i, gli, le = dei, degli, dell', della; Partitive Articles on Via Optimae, https://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/08/the-partitive-article.html

All of the forms, including when to use each, can be summed up in the following chart:

Partitive articles, when to use each; del, dell' dell, dei, degli, della, delle, lesson & workbook from Via Optimae, https://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/08/the-partitive-article.html

Using with singular nouns...

Not all singular nouns can take the partitive article, it only works with "uncountable nouns." We'll save the difference between countable and uncountable for another day, but many liquids are considered "uncountable" and some food items can be as well. Here are a few:

l'acqua (water), il burro (butter), il latte (milk), il pane (bread), il riso (rice), il vino (wine), lo zucchero (sugar)

The difference in meaning between the definite and the partitive article is very similar from English to Italian. Consider these sentences:

l'acqua vs. dell'acqua

the water some water

Ho versato l'acqua nel bicchiere.

I poured the water in the glass.

Ho versato dell'acqua nel bicchiere.

I poured some water in the glass.

Both are fine sentences, but the first one seems to refer to previously mentioned water or specific water, whereas the second sentence, in both English and Italian, makes it clear that we're referring to an unspecified amount of no particular water.

Partitive articles, illustrated; del, dell' dell, dei, degli, della, delle, lesson & workbook from Via Optimae, https://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/08/the-partitive-article.html

Using with plural nouns...

Almost any plural noun can take the partitive article, as long as what we mean is an unspecified number. It can be useful when we don't know how many exactly, or when it doesn't matter how many:

i libri vs. dei libri

the books some books

—Ho comprato i libri.

I bought the books.

—Tutti i tre?

All three?

—Sì.

Yes.

—Ho comprato dei libri.

I bought some books.

—Sei andato da Feltrinelli?

You went to Feltrinelli bookstore?

—Sì.

Yes.

Facile, no? (Easy, right?)

If you haven't done so already, fill-in the "Notes" section of the Partitive Articles worksheet on page 14 of the Italian Basics digital workbook and then complete the quick exercises on page 15! (Submit your answers by email for free corrections!)

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Previous lessons in this series…
(01) Indefinite Articles (How to say "A/AN" in Italian
(02) Definite Articles, singular (How to say "THE" in Italian)
(03) Pluralization, (How to make singular nouns plural)
(04) Definite Articles, plural ("THE" for more than one thing)

Potrebbe pure interessarti….

The Beginner's Italian Grammar Series, starting with:

How Italian Verbs Work

Sunday

Definite Articles (plural)

(how to say "THE" for plural nouns)

Previously in this series, we covered singular definite articles (how to say "THE" for singular nouns), so "the dog" is:

il cane

Then, we talked about regular noun endings, and how those change to form the plural, so "dogs" is:

e->i

cani

Now suppose we want to combine the two and say "the dogs."

? cani

For that, we need to learn the three plural definite articles and when to use them (hint: it's easy!) so go to page 11 of the BASICS Digital Workbook (link below) and let's get started!

(New to this series?… You may want to start with…)

ITALIAN BASICS:
(1) Indefinite Articles, (How to say "A/AN")
(2) Definite Articles (singular), (How to say "THE")
(3) Pluralization, (How to make singular nouns plural)

Recapping on Masculine Articles/Plurals:

There are three singular, masculine, definite articles:

IL for most masculine nouns

L' for masculine nouns that begin with a vowel.

LO for masculine nouns that begin with z, s+consonant, ps, and gn.

Most masculine nouns end in o, which becomes i in the plural.

Some masculine nouns end in e, which becomes i in the plural.

il -> i

If the noun takes IL in the singular, it takes I in the plural:

I, masculine plural definite article on Via Optimae, http://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/05/definite-articles-plural.html

il libro -> i libri

the book the books

il ragazzo -> i ragazzi

the boy the boys

il giorno -> i giorni

the day the days

l' / lo -> gli

Any masculine noun that takes L' or LO in the singular takes GLI in the plural:

GLI, masculine plural definite article and when to use on Via Optimae, http://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/05/definite-articles-plural.html

l'occhio -> gli occhi

the eye the eyes

l'albero -> gli alberi

the tree the trees

lo zaino -> gli zaini

the backpack the backpacks

lo sport -> gli sport

the sport the sports

lo psicologo -> gli psicologi

the psychiatrist the psychiatrists

lo gnocco -> gli gnocchi

the dumpling the dumplings

Recapping on Feminine Articles/Plurals:

There are two singular, feminine, definite articles:

LA for most feminine nouns

L' for feminine nouns that begin with a vowel.

Most feminine nouns end in a, which becomes e in the plural.

Some feminine nouns end in e, which becomes i in the plural.

la / l' -> le

All feminine nouns take LE in the plural:

LE, feminine plural definite article on Via Optimae, http://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/05/definite-articles-plural.html

la cosa -> le cose

the thing the things

la ragazza -> le ragazze

the girl the girls

la casa -> le case

the house the houses

la birra -> le birre

the beer the beers

l'occasione -> le occasioni

the occasion the occasions

l'aranciata -> le aranciate

the orange sodas the orange sodas

All of the definite articles, as well as when to use each can be summed up in the following chart:

Italian definite articles: IL, L', LO, LA, I, GLI, LE from Via Optimae, http://www.viaoptimae.com/2014/05/definite-articles-plural.html

If you haven't done so already, fill-in the "Notes" section of the Definite Articles (Plural) worksheet on page 11 of the Italian Basics digital workbook and then complete the quick exercises! (Submit your answers by email for free corrections!)